One subject that we have split into three.

One Health is the position that human health, animal health and environmental health are a single subject that we have administratively split into three. His work sits in the seam.

Poultry production in southwestern Nigeria has grown faster than the systems meant to watch it. Birds move between farms, feed comes from everywhere, antimicrobials are available without much friction, and almost none of it is under surveillance. Salmonella is the organism that exploits all of that at once.

The study sampled forty nine farms, three hundred and fourteen samples, and characterised what it found by polymerase chain reaction diagnostics and phylogenetic analysis. The point was not a prevalence figure. It was the lineages: which strains are circulating and how they are related to each other across sites that are supposed to be independent.

A resistant strain established in commercial poultry does not stay in poultry. It reaches people through food, through water, through the hands of the people who work with the birds. Treat it as a veterinary problem and you will be surprised later, in a hospital, by something that was entirely predictable.

That is the practical content of One Health, and it is why his work keeps crossing into food security and project management rather than staying in microbiology. Surveillance that nobody funds and nobody acts on is not surveillance.

He serves as a peer reviewer for four journals, which is the unpaid maintenance work that keeps a field honest. He is a member of the professional bodies in his discipline and has been invited to speak at the Global Summit on Public Health.

The full publication list, with digital object identifiers for each paper, is below. Everything is linked to the version of record.